Storage of Food - Home Economics

Welcome to another blogpost, In Home Economics class we are working around Personal Hygiene and Food Hygiene. This task I had to generate a table for the three areas of storage in a kitchen; fridge, Cupboard and Freezer, then I had to list different food items that should be stored long term in these areas. 

Fridge	Cupboard	Freezer
-Eggs -Fresh Veggies -Berries -Dairy Products -Butter -Leftover or precooked meals -Lunch meals like turkey and lean roast beef.	-Onions -Peanuts -Apples -Tea -Powdered Milk -Canned Fruits and vegetables -Dried Pasta -Honey	-Bread -Cheese -Ginger -Nuts -Cookie Dough -Fresh Herbs -Cooked Grains -Raw meat, poultry and fish.

Fridge:

Refrigerating your food correctly is important to ensure that your food remains safe to
eat and stop harmful bacteria spreading for raw to ready-to-eat foods. Eating too much
leftover foods can be harmful for your health. Leftover food can be kept for three to
four days in the refrigerator. But make sure that you can eat them within that time. 

Freezer:

Keep raw meat, poultry and fish away from other foods so they don't contaminate them.
A freezer that makes cooking quicker and easier. A freezer should be cold enough to
freeze your food. But if it's too cold then you can risk an increase of frost and
ice-build up. 

Cupboard:

Store foods in the right container, at the right temperature and for the right length of
time. Proper food storage will reduce your risk of food poisoning and also stretch your
wallet since your food won't spoil as quickly. The cupboard is a great place to store all
your shelf-stable foods.

Temperatures:

Keep your appliances at the proper temperatures. Keep the refrigerator temperature
at or below 40 F (or 4 C). The freezer temperature should be 0 F (-18 C).Therefore the
best temperature for food storage in the cupboard is 50 F to 70 F. 

Cupcakes - Home Economics

Welcome to another blog post, Today in Home Economics (cooking) we made cupcakes. I personally think that I did great working together with my group, using wonderful skills into making wonderful cupcakes. 

Firstly we got give the recipe that has listed the ingredients and the method to making Cupcakes. 

Cupcakes:

• 125 g Margarine/Butter
• 3/4 c Sugar
• 1 t Vanilla Essence
• 2 Eggs (size 7)
• 1 1/2 c Plain Flour
• 2 t Baking Powder
• 1/2 c Milk

Method:

1. Cream margarine in a large bowl. Use a wooden spoon.
2. Add sugar and continue creaming until light and fluffy in texture.
3. Add vanilla essence and beat briefly.
4. Add eggs one at a time, beating well after you have added each egg.
5. Sift flour and baking powder onto a large plate.
6. Using a rubber scraper, scrape all the mixture off the wooden spoon.
7. Add 1/2 sifted flour/baking powder mix and fold in half the milk using the rubber scraper.
8. Repeat step 7 for the next 1/2 flour mix and the rest of the milk. Do not Over-mix.
9. Add the last of the flour and gently fold this into the cake batter.
10. Carefully spoon cake batter evenly into 12 paper cases. 
11. Bake at 180 C for 7 minutes then turn oven to Fan Bake for a further 6-8mins.

Overall I think that my group and I we worked well together, from getting set up with the ingredients, following the method, making sure we are using some tips such as folding the mixture and not over mixing, also the last few things we did was the icing and decorating our cupcakes. 

 This is a photo of all our ingredients lined up all ready.

This is a photo of the cake batter where our cupcakes were developed. 

History of Money - Business Studies

The history of money

Money, in and of itself, is nothing. It can be a shell, a metal coin, or a piece of paper with a
historic image on it, but the value that people place on it has nothing to do with the physical
value of the money. Money derives its value by being a medium of exchange, a unit of
measurement and a storehouse for wealth. Money allows people to trade goods and services
indirectly, understand the price of goods (prices written in dollars and cents correspond with an
amount in your wallet), and gives us a way to save for larger purchases in the future.Money is
valuable merely because everyone knows everyone else will accept it as a form of payment—
so let's take a look at where it has been, how it evolved and how it is used today.

Asian Currency:

Sometimes around 770 B.C…, the Chinese moved from using actual tools and weapons as a medium of exchange to using miniature replicas of the same tools cast in bronze. Nobody wants to reach into their pocket and impale their hand on a sharp arrow do, over time, these tiny daggers, spades, and hoes were abandoned for the less prickly shape of a circle, which became some of the first coins. Although China was the first country to use recognisable coins, the first minted coins were created no too far away in Lydia (non western turkey). 

Coins and Currency:

In 600B.C…, Lydia’s King Alyattes minted the first official currency. The coins were made from electrum, a mixture of silver and gold that occurs naturally, and stamped with pictures that acted as denominations. In the streets of Sardis, circa 600B.C…, a clay jar might cost you two owls and a snake. Lydia’s currency helped the country increase in both its internal and external trade, making it one of the richest empires in Asia Minor. It is interesting that when someone says “as rich as Croesus”, they are referring to the last Lydia King who minted the first gold coin.

Not just a piece of paper:

Just when it looked like Lydia was taking the lead in currency developments, around 700 B.C., the Chinese moved from coins to paper money. Europeans were still using coins all the way up to the 16th century, helped along by acquisitions of precious metals from colonies to keep minting more and more cash. Eventually, the banks started using bank notes for depositors and borrowers to carry around instead of coins. These notes could be taken to the bank at any time and exchanged for their face values in silver or gold coins. This paper money could be used to buy goods and operated much like currency today, but it was issued by banks and private institutions, not the government, which is now responsible for issuing currency in most countries.The first paper currency issued by European governments was actually issued by colonial governments in North America. Because shipments between Europe and the colonies took so long, the colonists often ran out of cash as operations expanded. Instead of going back to a barter system, the colonial governments used IOUs that traded as a currency. The first instance was in Canada, then a French colony. In 1685, soldiers were issued playing cards denominated and signed by the governor to use as cash instead of coins from France.

Mobile Payments:

The 21st century gave rise to two disruptive forms of currency: Mobile payments and virtual
currency. Mobile payments are money rendered for a product or service through a portable
electronic device such as a cell phone, smartphone or tablet. Mobile payment technology can
also be used to send money to friends or family members. Increasingly, services like Apple Pay
and Samsung Pay are vying for retailers to accept their platforms for point-of-sale payments.

What is Money - Business studies

What is money?

Money is an object that helps you run your life. Exchanging goods for goods is an older practice and without any money, you cannot buy anything you wish for. Money has gained its value because people are trying to save wealth for their future needs.

Workshop 3 - Wonder Film Study

Workshop 3: How do 'Light & Colour' enhance the story?

Atmosphere - how you feel in a situation

Mood - 

1 . Scene - Auggies first day at school, when Auggie walks into class everyone stares at him. When he asks to sit down Amos says the seat is saved. 

Angles/Shot - long shot/eye level of the class, close ups of Auggie to see his emotional reactions. 

Lightning & Colour:

Palette: colours used in the scene e.g nature palette has colours from nature-brown, green. 

Warm/Cold:

Warm makes feel safe/comfortable, Cold make it feel clean.

Bright -Vibrant, jumps out

Dull- faded, muted, blends in

Natural- sun/moon light

Artificial- man made light e.g lightblubs

Lightning & Colour - Warm - makes the classroom feel safe & welcoming

                               - Bright colours - fives the room energy & life

                               - Natural light coming through the windows.

Effect on the viewer: Happy, chilled, exciting, educational, inspiring. 

Director: Wants to create a happy and safe atmosphere in Mr Browns classroom. Even though it feels this way, Julien & Amos's behaviour is unkind.

SEXXXY Paragraphs!

In the scene of August's first day at school, lightning and colour are used to create a safe and welcoming classroom environment. For instance, bright warm colours are used on the walls and natural light comes through the windows to make the space look lively. This makes the audience feel excited, inspired, and that the space is educational and supportive for learning. This was done to show Mr Brown had created a classroom space that would be welcoming to new students like Auggie. Coinciding with this is the use of body language. The children in the room are sitting up, smiling and paying lots of attention; they are learning ready. This reminds the viewer of the theme Kindness because the lightning and colour make the room welcoming for all students. 

Symbols in Film Wonder

Understand how symbols can be used to add meaning to a film:

Masks:

Auggie frequently wore an astronaut helmet in the past, and also wears a "Scream" mask on Halloween. Auggie received a astronaut helmet by Via's friend; Via. Since then Auggie has always loved the Astronaut helmet, it's special to him because it separates him from the real world and into his own world, therefore Auggie likes outer space, he also like the helmet because it covers his face and no one can see him and recognise him. 
Halloween is Auggie's favourite day of the year, because he gets to dress up and go to school with a mask covering his face so other students dont recognise him, also so people doesn't stop and stare at him or try to avoid him because his face is covered. 

Shoes:
 
Auggie mentions shoes a number of times in the film. This shows that he spends a lot of time looking down, not making eye contact. This is probably because he is self-conscious and doesn't want to see the reactions people will have to his face. This is also Auggie's first time going to school, Auggie does walk often staring down because he's scared about what other people might think and say about how he looks. 

The Padawan Braid:

The Padawan braid was a symbol worn in the hair or head that marked the rank of a Jedi Padawan. When a Padawan was declared Jedi Knight after passing the trials, the braid was shed. If a Padawan was expelled from the Jedi Order, the braid was ripped off. Therefore Auggie cutting his braid off symbolises personal growth and a clear transition from one part of his life (homeschooling) to another (real school). 

Wonder Plot Analysis - Wonder Film Study

What am I learning?

I'm learning to analyse and understand the plot of Wonder.

How does this show my learning?

By summarizing and explaining what each plot of the film means and how each part furthers the film.

What am I wondering?

I am wondering who comes up with the ideas for these plots?

Business Studies| Kiwi Ingenuity

How does kiwi ingenuity benefit New Zealand as a nation?

 NZ has the interesting advantage of a sensible climate, space to appreciate life and a great standard of living. The last mentioned can be made strides on, but not only by bringing in more individuals. Any inclination for populace development as a way to move forward our economy is amazingly limited. You merely got to see at the huge cities over the world with ghettos, substandard living conditions and need of space.  

Here in New Zealand we still have to opportunity to go to the bush, go to the beach and go to the country without strolling in a line to do it, or battling for a spot on the beach to put your towel. The way to move forward our economy is to stimulate industries like tourism, include esteem to items as of now made here, and target speciality markets for top-end items and administrations. We ought to empower start-up companies with modern items that can be sold at a premium. Once those items go standard, offer the companies abroad and begin something new. 

High risk Foods - Home Economics

High Risk Foods:

When a busy schedule is the order of the day, what you eat and where it came from might not always seem too important. However, this should rapidly change. After all, each item of food demands different handling methods in order to ensure customers receive safe food. Ultimately, high risk foods need your unwavering attention to keep people, and restaurants prospects, safe and secure. 

What are High risk foods?

High risk foods share a tendency to spoil as a result of unsuitable storage conditions or improper cooking methods. Meat, fish, gravy, sauce, shellfish, dairy products, pasta and even cooked rice are all examples, and the smallest errors can lead to contamination. Consequently, basic mistakes in handling common produce can negatively impact on anyone. 

A variety of harmful bacteria can manifest depending on the hygiene of high risk food and of those preparing it. The illnesses that bacteria cause vary in cause and duration:

• Salmonella. Contamination and undercooking generally causes this common type of food poisoning.
• Campylobacter. This is the most common cause of food poisoning, largely due to under-cooked poultry. 
• Escherichia coli (E Coil). E Coil causes potentially fatal harm to the elderly and young children. You can prevent this from cooking meats thoroughly. 
• Listeria. This type of bacteria is present in raw milk (and anything made from it) and processed meats. Listeriosis is a huge risk because it can even counter the cold temperatures of a refrigerator. Only thoroughly cooking can destroy this.
• Clostridium Prefringes. Causing nearly one million illnesses each year, the most common origin of this bacteria is large quantities of meals that are warmed for an extended period of time before serving. Companies and institutions are usually that responsible parties due to feeding many people at once. 

Who is Most at Risk?

Many of these might seem like relatively low health risks, due to our bodies immure systems often been capable of com-batting such ailments. However, when the germ spreads to the more vulnerable who do not have a fully fictional or developed immune system, things can get more serious very quickly. Children, pregnant woman, elderly people, and those with pre-existing conditions call all be particularly susceptible to these sicknesses. In due course, food poisoning can even become fatal, meaning that high risk foods mus the handled with consistent care without fault.

Where should high risk food be stored?
Contamination is not always evident by your sense of sight, smell or sometimes even taste. Therefore, you can only avoid contamination with high risk foods by storing them correctly. bacteria thrive on protein, moisture, warmth and a good dose of time in order to multiply. Subsequently, low temperatures become the only viable solution, slowing down the time bacteria need to grow in number. 
Your fridges and freezers are therefore essential, as they quite literally freeze the spread of germs. 

Ways you can store high risk food properly and safely include:

• Keeping refrigerated produce below 5 degrees Celsius.  This ensures they are below the designated 'danger zone', in which bacteria can form and fester in ever-expanding numbers. 
• Storing frozen foods at -18 degrees. unless you need to thaw it. If so, you should transfer it to the fridge before prompt consumption. 
• Sealing refrigerated items properly. To preserve nutritional value, texture quality and flavour, as well as prevent cross contamination.
• Storing raw and cooked foods separately from one another to minimise any further likelihood of cross contamination. 
• Acquiring all produce from a reliable supplier. Refrigerated and insulated vehicles are a good idea for those wanting to haul their produce cross country, so check to see if your suppliers use these.   

Temperature Danger Zone - Home Economics

Innovative Ideas | Business Studies

Innovation Ideas|Business Studies

Welcome to another blog post, In Business & Enterprise class, we are working on a task where as a group we have to come up with some ideas and products that could be improved, it can be a product that we can create or a product that already exists. In our group we discussed what we would like to do and picked our best product, we had to discuss about the costs involved and other things that we have to think about our product and how it can benefit on us.

What are we trying to Improve?

We are making an attempt to enhance the juice sprayer, or recognised as the Lemon Juice Sprayer, which sprays the juice from the lemon, it advantages in exceptional ways.

Why do we want to improve it?

Our team located out that the juice sprayer may not want to be determined in two sizes, small, for small fruits, and a large dimension for massive fruits like lemons and oranges. We choose to alternate the product barely better.

What could be the changes allow for?

Our group concept to make the sizes for the sprayer detachable, so you can take off the the small dimension to a higher one. In the unique product, you have to purchase two sprayers for two sizes. We choose to make it that our product come with the large and small size.

Here is a photo of the product we have decided

to improve. (Lemon Juice Sprayer) 

Workshop 2 - Wonder Film Study - Inside & Out

Workshop 2: 

The impact of Angles, Movements & Shots.

Shot A: Jack Fighting Julien because Julien called Auggie a freak.

- teacher pulling Jack off - Mr Brown

- Dutch tilt used - shows something is not right

-makes look smaller than the other

-Julien looks weak and vulnerable 

Viewer feels:

shocked - didn't expect Jacks reaction, surprised, concerned,

uneasy.

Director - The director did this to make us feel surprised,

sad, worried for Jack. 

- Other Techniques - Music - creates atmosphere, minor, slow motion-

makes more intense.

Sexxxy Paragraphs: Shot A

In the film Wonder, low angle shots were used effectively. This is demonstrated in the scene where Jack attacks Julien because he called Auggie a freak. In this scene a low angle dutch tilt shot is used to make Jack look stronger and Julien weak and vulnerable. This makes the audience feel shocked, surprised and concerned, because we didn't expect a violent reaction from Jack, who has been a kind person up to this point where he can't stand anymore from Julien. The purpose of this was to show the theme of kindness as Jack finally stands up for Auggie. Combined with this is the use of quiet, minor music and slow motion to create an atmosphere and the event feel more intense. This can be contrasted to the nature reserve fight scene where Auggie now shows kindness by standing up for Jack.  

Sexxxy Paragraphs: Shot B

BRAINSTORM:

Fight scene - Nature Reserve - Auggie makes friends, high 5 is important because normally nobody would want to come in contact with Auggie or touch Auggie or else they will get the plague, Jack, Amos & others were there, they beat up and ran away from 7th graders. 

Wide Angle long shot - makes us feel like we are a bystander watching an important moment, the emotions are the characters, not ours.

Audience - Joyful, proud, cheerful, ecstatic, relieved - Auggie finally is included, has friends.

Director - Shows Auggie is finally fitting in, shows theme importance of friendship 'or kindness'.

Other Techniques: lightning - use of shadow - outlining the boys, feels like they are all together.

Wonder Film Study - Purpose of Camera Angles, movements and shots.

Identifying purposes of Camera Angles,

Movements and shots in the film of Wonder. 

This shot was used to make the audience feel sad for Auggie and the rough times he's going through, this also shows how Auggie's feeling, he's feeling low and lonely also sad, because there's other students passing by him not even recognizing him, which makes him sad and  feeling left out.

This shot is of Summer and Auggie sitting together at break time,
This scene is important in the film because this is where Auggie 
starts gaining friends and trust, While in the background there are
the rest of the students looking and wondering why Summer is 
sitting beside Auggie, this shot really does explain the quote
"When give the choice to be right or kind. Choose Kind.", 
because Summer has seen Auggie struggling for the past few weeks
in school, and during breaks he's normally sitting by himself,
therefore Summer has made a choice by going and sitting with him
and getting to know him, this is a good lesson for us aswell;
don't judge a book by it's cover, because if you really take the time
and go and talk with that person you might find some interesting
stuff about them, and there could be something in common between
you and that person.
At this moment Auggie probably is feeling a mixture, such as sad, 
confused and happy, because he doesn't want to experience
the same problem that he had with Jack,
but therefore Summer was a true friend for Auggie.

What am I learning?
I am learning how to response to a visual text, 
by showing my understanding of the purpose of the techniques in these
camera shots, and being able to describe it.

Bacteria - Home Economics

Understanding Bacteria and it's dangers.

We had to Watch this video and note learn and understand 

more about bacteria and how it can affect us.

Food safety is essential to lower the risk of food sickness.

What is the difference between Hygiene and Personal Safety?	Food safety covers all aspects of ensuring that food is safe for a person to eat, whereas food Hygiene usually more specifically concerns foodborne illnesses, which arise because of primarily bacterial contaminants.
When we use chicken what are some key things you need to remember to ensure your food is safe to eat?	-Chicken meat should not be washed - raw chicken should be stored in the refrigerator - Clean boards, hands, Knives, Fridge, Storage, and containers. - Cook chicken thoroughly - Separate chicken and other foods in the fridge and during preparation, so raw chicken juices do not come in contact with other foods.  -Use separate utensils, especially boards, for raw meat and uncooked foods, like fruits and salad vegetables.
What is bacteria?	Bacteria are small living things that can be found in all natural environments. They are made of a single cell. Most bacteria can be seen only with a microscope. Most bacteria aren't dangerous, but some are and can make us sick. These bacteria are called pathogens. Pathogens can cause diseases in animals and plants.
What do bacteria need to survive?	Like all living things, bacteria need food, water and the proper environment to live and grow. The food product itself supplies the food and water needed for bacterial growth.
Give three examples of how we avoid spreading bacteria?	- Cover your nose and mouth with a  tissue when sneezing, coughing or  blowing your nose. -Always wash your hands after sneezing, blowing your nose, coughing, after using the restroom,and before handling food.
What does the term cross contamination mean and what is its effect on you?	Cross-contamination is defined as the transfer of bacteria from one substance to another. For example, adding unwashed, contaminated lettuce to a fresh salad can contaminate the other ingredients.

Not all bacteria are harmful, and some bacteria that live in your body are helpful. For instance, Lactobacillus acidophilus - a harmless bacterium that resides in your intestines - helps you digest food, destroy some disease- causing

organisms and provides nutrients.